Road Maps

Journalism & Mass Communication

100 marks · 1 paper · 180 minutes per paper

0%Complete

Preparation duration is an estimate and may vary according to your academic background, available study time and familiarity with the subject.

Stage 1Orientation

Understand the official syllabus, paper structure, marks and preparation resources.

Read and annotate the official FPSC syllabusReview every paper, section, marks allocation and official instruction before beginning preparation.

Set up subject resourcesCreate folders or notebooks for syllabus notes, practice, past papers and revision material.

Review the paper formatUnderstand the number of papers, marks, duration and relevant language or MCQ rules.

Stage 2Foundation

Build the concepts, terminology and prerequisite knowledge needed for the subject.

Build a subject glossaryList and define the core terminology needed across the syllabus.

Map prerequisite conceptsIdentify foundational concepts and arrange them before advanced topics.

Stage 3Official Syllabus Coverage

Cover every official FPSC topic in a practical sequence.

Cover: Subject overviewStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: PAPER: JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (100 MARKS) .

Cover: Introduction to Mass CommunicationStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Introduction to Mass Communication

Cover: Mass Communication TheoriesStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Mass Communication Theories

Cover: Global / International CommunicationStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Global / International Communication

Cover: Media and SocietyStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Media and Society

Cover: Mass Media in Pakistan:Study the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Mass Media in Pakistan:

Cover: Development Support CommunicationStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Development Support Communication

Cover: Public Relations:Study the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Public Relations:

Cover: Media Laws and Ethics:Study the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Media Laws and Ethics:

Stage 4Consolidation

Prepare short notes, comparisons, evidence, diagrams, facts, formulas or timelines.

Prepare concise revision notesCompress covered material into quick revision notes without removing required syllabus coverage.

Create connections and comparison materialUse tables, diagrams, timelines, formulas, maps or concept links where suitable for this subject.

Stage 5Exam Application

Apply knowledge through the paper-specific practice format.

Prepare analytical outlines using causes, consequences and comparisonsComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Build an evidence bank of thinkers, examples, quotations, maps or timelinesComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Write three timed critical-analysis answersComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Stage 6Past Papers

Attempt topic-wise and full-length past-paper practice.

Classify past-paper questions by syllabus topicUse validated official past papers and link each question to the relevant syllabus topic.

Attempt a timed past paperAttempt a complete paper or equivalent question set within the official time limit.

Stage 7Revision and Mock Examination

Complete layered revision, weak-area review and a timed mock paper.

Complete first revisionReview all notes and update topics marked Needs Revision.

Complete second revisionFocus on recall, structure, evidence, formulas or language accuracy.

Attempt final mock examinationComplete a timed mock and evaluate coverage, accuracy, structure and time management.

Paper 1 · 100 marks

Subject overview

PAPER: JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (100 MARKS) .

Concept – Definitions, Need/Importance/Purposes, Types of Communication, Process of Communication, Basic Models.

Normative theories of the press: Schramm’s four theories and criticism on these theories

The Historical Context of International Communication

Mass media and social change

Media system in Pakistan: historical, chronological, and analytical review

Theories of development support communication with specific focus on the developing world

Concept of Public Relations

History of Media Laws in Pakistan

Introduction to Mass Communication

Functions of a model, Evaluation of a mod el

Media as agents of power

Globalization, technology, and the mass media

Media as a social system: The balance between interrelation and interdependence

The system of journalism and the media sys tem

The dominant paradigm of develo pment: historical, analytical perspective

Historical development of public relations: from press agentry to PR

Development of media regulations from British colonial era to indepen dent Pakistan

Basic models in Mass Communication: - o Lasswell’s Model (1948) o Shannon-Weaver model (1948) o Osgood,s model (1954) o Schramm’s model (1954) o Newcomb’s symmetry theory (1953) o Westley-McLean’s model (1976) o Gerbner model (1956)

Basic models in Mass Communication: - o Lasswell’s Model (1948) o Shannon-Weaver model (1948) o Osgood,s model (1954) o Schramm’s model (1954) o Newcomb’s symmetry theory (1953) o Westley-McLean’s model (1976) o Gerbner model (1956)

Mass Communication Theories

The Spiral of silence

Communication and Cultural imperialism

Media freedom and its role for democracy,

Employer-employee relations in Pakistani media

The Alternative paradigm of development

Public relation in Pakistan

Libel, Defamation and relevant portions of PPC

Media Usage and gratifications

Global / International Communication

Communication Flow in Global Media: Imbalance in the flow of information between North and South

The functional approach to mass media: four social functions of the media

Government-press relations

Small is beautiful: community development as a snowball effect.

Ministry of information

PPO, RPPPO

Media hegemony

McBride commission and its recommendations.

Media and Society

Media as an awareness agent

Press in Pakistan: The newspaper industry, from mission to the market

Globalization vs Localization

Press Information Department (PID)

PEMRA: establishment, development, and operational mechanisms

Diffusion of innovations

International Communication in the Internet Age: the new social media and its effects on developing world

Mass media and social representation

Mass Media in Pakistan:

Electronic media: from total dependence to enormous power

Glocalization

Public relations and publicity

Press Council of Pakistan (PCP)

Powerful effects model: hypodermic needle, magic bullet theory.

The new 24/7 television: uses and abuses

Development Support Communication

Social Marketing: how to infuse new ideas into a developing popul ation

PR as a tool for governance

Citizens Media Commission: need, present status, and reasons for inactivity

Moderate effects model: two-step and multi-step flow of communication.

The new radio: potential for change and the present performance.

Public Relations:

Private PR agencies and their structure

Press Code of Ethics

Powerful media revisited: Marshal McLuhan’s media determinism

The question of freedom and responsibility

Basic methods of PR: press release, press note, press conference

Media Laws and Ethics:

Inability of the media to develop a code of ethics as an institution

PR Ethics

The media’s quest for freedom and its inability to self regulate.

Suggested ReadingsBroadcast Regulations: the German Example Metzger, Herbert. FES 1993.
Suggested ReadingsCommunication Models for The Study of Mass Communication, 2nd Ed McQuail, Dennis &Windhal, Swen, Longman, 1982.
Suggested ReadingsConvergence Culture: Where old and new Media Blackwell publishing Ltd, USA.
Suggested ReadingsCommunication Theories: Origins, Methods and Uses in the Mass Media 5th Ed Werner J. Severin , James W. Tankard Jr. Longman, 1997.
Suggested ReadingsDiffusion of Innovations 5th Ed Rogers, Everett M. Free Press
Suggested ReadingsEthics in Journalism: A Re ader on Their Perception in the Third World Kunczik, Michael (Ed.). FES 1999.
Suggested ReadingsHandbook of International and Intercultural Communication 2nd Ed Gudykunst & Mody, Sage, 2001.
Suggested ReadingsMcQuail's Mass Communication Theory, 4 th Ed Denis McQuail. Sage, 2000.
Suggested ReadingsMedia And Society into the 21 st Century: A Historical Introduction Blackwell publishing Ltd, USA.
Suggested Readings“Media / Impact” Wads Worth/ Thompson Learning, Belmont, CA
Suggested Readings“Media Now: Co mmunication Media in the Information Age” Wads Worth/Thompson Learning, Belmont, CA
Suggested ReadingsNews Media and Journalism in Pakistan Khan, Altaf. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. June 2011.
Suggested ReadingsNews Media and Journalism in Pakistan and Germany (Ed.) Khan, Altaf. Peshawar, 2003.
Suggested ReadingsParticipatory Development Hasan, Arif, Oxford, 2010.
Suggested ReadingsPolitical Communication in Britain: The Leader Debates, the Campaign and the Media in the 2010 General Election, (Ed) Palgrave McMillan, UK
Suggested ReadingsPolitical Communication in Asia, Roultage, NY.
Suggested Readings“Precision Journalism: A Reporter’s Introduction to Social and Science Methods”, 4th Ed Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
Suggested ReadingsReport and Recommendations of the Media Commission, appointed by the Supreme Court of Pakistan, 2013 FES, Islamabad, 2013.
Suggested ReadingsReporting the Frontier: Media Capacity Building for Peace in Pakistan’s Tribal Areas Khan, Altaf VDM Verlag Dr. Müllere.K. June 2011.
Suggested Readings“Writing, Directing, and Producing Documentary Films and Vidoes”,.3rd edition Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 2002.
Suggested Readings“Directing the Documentary”, 4th edition Focal Press, 2004.
Suggested Readings“Documentary Storytelling: Making Stronger and More Dramatic Nonfiction Films”, 2 nd edition Focal Press, 2007.
Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Editing McGraw-Hill 1996
Suggested ReadingsJournalism–Principles and Practices Vistaar Publications 2006
Suggested ReadingsThe Hand Book of New Media London: Sage
Suggested ReadingsApplying Communication Theory for Professional Life: An Introduction (2nd Edition) London: Sage
Suggested ReadingsControversies in Contemporary Advertising Newbury Park: Sage Publications
Suggested Readings"Public Relations-Writing & Media Techniques" Harper Collins College Publishers, NY
Suggested ReadingsTelecommunications Policy in Pakistan” Telematics and Informatics
Suggested Readings“Guaranteeing Copyright - Media Manager’s Guide to Pakistani Broadcast Law” Media Manager Companion Series Internews Pakistan
Suggested Readings“Model Freedom of Information Act”, 2001 Consumer rights Protection Commission of Pakistan

Private subject notes

My Subjects

← All subjectsOptional Group 7

Journalism & Mass Communication

100 marks · 1 paper · 180 minutes per paper

0%Complete

Preparation duration is an estimate and may vary according to your academic background, available study time and familiarity with the subject.

Stage 1Orientation

Understand the official syllabus, paper structure, marks and preparation resources.

Read and annotate the official FPSC syllabusReview every paper, section, marks allocation and official instruction before beginning preparation.

Set up subject resourcesCreate folders or notebooks for syllabus notes, practice, past papers and revision material.

Review the paper formatUnderstand the number of papers, marks, duration and relevant language or MCQ rules.

Stage 2Foundation

Build the concepts, terminology and prerequisite knowledge needed for the subject.

Build a subject glossaryList and define the core terminology needed across the syllabus.

Map prerequisite conceptsIdentify foundational concepts and arrange them before advanced topics.

Stage 3Official Syllabus Coverage

Cover every official FPSC topic in a practical sequence.

Cover: Mass Communication TheoriesStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Mass Communication Theories

Cover: Media and SocietyStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Media and Society

Cover: Mass Media in Pakistan:Study the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Mass Media in Pakistan:

Cover: Public Relations:Study the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Public Relations:

Cover: Media Laws and Ethics:Study the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Media Laws and Ethics:

Stage 4Consolidation

Prepare short notes, comparisons, evidence, diagrams, facts, formulas or timelines.

Prepare concise revision notesCompress covered material into quick revision notes without removing required syllabus coverage.

Create connections and comparison materialUse tables, diagrams, timelines, formulas, maps or concept links where suitable for this subject.

Stage 5Exam Application

Apply knowledge through the paper-specific practice format.

Prepare analytical outlines using causes, consequences and comparisonsComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Build an evidence bank of thinkers, examples, quotations, maps or timelinesComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Write three timed critical-analysis answersComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Stage 6Past Papers

Attempt topic-wise and full-length past-paper practice.

Classify past-paper questions by syllabus topicUse validated official past papers and link each question to the relevant syllabus topic.

Attempt a timed past paperAttempt a complete paper or equivalent question set within the official time limit.

Stage 7Revision and Mock Examination

Complete layered revision, weak-area review and a timed mock paper.

Complete first revisionReview all notes and update topics marked Needs Revision.

Complete second revisionFocus on recall, structure, evidence, formulas or language accuracy.

Attempt final mock examinationComplete a timed mock and evaluate coverage, accuracy, structure and time management.

Paper 1 · 100 marks

Subject overview

PAPER: JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION (100 MARKS) .

Concept – Definitions, Need/Importance/Purposes, Types of Communication, Process of Communication, Basic Models.

Normative theories of the press: Schramm’s four theories and criticism on these theories

The Historical Context of International Communication

Mass media and social change

Media system in Pakistan: historical, chronological, and analytical review

Theories of development support communication with specific focus on the developing world

Concept of Public Relations

History of Media Laws in Pakistan

Introduction to Mass Communication

Functions of a model, Evaluation of a mod el

Media as agents of power

Globalization, technology, and the mass media

Media as a social system: The balance between interrelation and interdependence

The system of journalism and the media sys tem

The dominant paradigm of develo pment: historical, analytical perspective

Historical development of public relations: from press agentry to PR

Development of media regulations from British colonial era to indepen dent Pakistan

Basic models in Mass Communication: - o Lasswell’s Model (1948) o Shannon-Weaver model (1948) o Osgood,s model (1954) o Schramm’s model (1954) o Newcomb’s symmetry theory (1953) o Westley-McLean’s model (1976) o Gerbner model (1956)

Mass Communication Theories

The Spiral of silence

Communication and Cultural imperialism

Media freedom and its role for democracy,

Employer-employee relations in Pakistani media

The Alternative paradigm of development

Public relation in Pakistan

Libel, Defamation and relevant portions of PPC

Media Usage and gratifications

Global / International Communication

Communication Flow in Global Media: Imbalance in the flow of information between North and South

The functional approach to mass media: four social functions of the media

Government-press relations

Small is beautiful: community development as a snowball effect.

Ministry of information

PPO, RPPPO

Media hegemony

McBride commission and its recommendations.

Media and Society

Media as an awareness agent

Press in Pakistan: The newspaper industry, from mission to the market

Globalization vs Localization

Press Information Department (PID)

PEMRA: establishment, development, and operational mechanisms

Diffusion of innovations

International Communication in the Internet Age: the new social media and its effects on developing world

Mass media and social representation

Mass Media in Pakistan:

Electronic media: from total dependence to enormous power

Glocalization

Public relations and publicity

Press Council of Pakistan (PCP)

Powerful effects model: hypodermic needle, magic bullet theory.

The new 24/7 television: uses and abuses

Development Support Communication

Social Marketing: how to infuse new ideas into a developing popul ation

PR as a tool for governance

Citizens Media Commission: need, present status, and reasons for inactivity

Moderate effects model: two-step and multi-step flow of communication.

The new radio: potential for change and the present performance.

Public Relations:

Private PR agencies and their structure

Press Code of Ethics

Powerful media revisited: Marshal McLuhan’s media determinism

The question of freedom and responsibility

Basic methods of PR: press release, press note, press conference

Media Laws and Ethics:

Inability of the media to develop a code of ethics as an institution

PR Ethics

The media’s quest for freedom and its inability to self regulate.

Suggested ReadingsBroadcast Regulations: the German Example Metzger, Herbert. FES 1993.
Suggested ReadingsCommunication Models for The Study of Mass Communication, 2nd Ed McQuail, Dennis &Windhal, Swen, Longman, 1982.
Suggested ReadingsConvergence Culture: Where old and new Media Blackwell publishing Ltd, USA.
Suggested ReadingsCommunication Theories: Origins, Methods and Uses in the Mass Media 5th Ed Werner J. Severin , James W. Tankard Jr. Longman, 1997.
Suggested ReadingsDiffusion of Innovations 5th Ed Rogers, Everett M. Free Press
Suggested ReadingsEthics in Journalism: A Re ader on Their Perception in the Third World Kunczik, Michael (Ed.). FES 1999.
Suggested ReadingsHandbook of International and Intercultural Communication 2nd Ed Gudykunst & Mody, Sage, 2001.
Suggested ReadingsMcQuail's Mass Communication Theory, 4 th Ed Denis McQuail. Sage, 2000.
Suggested ReadingsMedia And Society into the 21 st Century: A Historical Introduction Blackwell publishing Ltd, USA.
Suggested Readings“Media / Impact” Wads Worth/ Thompson Learning, Belmont, CA
Suggested Readings“Media Now: Co mmunication Media in the Information Age” Wads Worth/Thompson Learning, Belmont, CA
Suggested ReadingsNews Media and Journalism in Pakistan Khan, Altaf. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. June 2011.
Suggested ReadingsNews Media and Journalism in Pakistan and Germany (Ed.) Khan, Altaf. Peshawar, 2003.
Suggested ReadingsParticipatory Development Hasan, Arif, Oxford, 2010.
Suggested ReadingsPolitical Communication in Britain: The Leader Debates, the Campaign and the Media in the 2010 General Election, (Ed) Palgrave McMillan, UK
Suggested ReadingsPolitical Communication in Asia, Roultage, NY.
Suggested Readings“Precision Journalism: A Reporter’s Introduction to Social and Science Methods”, 4th Ed Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
Suggested ReadingsReport and Recommendations of the Media Commission, appointed by the Supreme Court of Pakistan, 2013 FES, Islamabad, 2013.
Suggested ReadingsReporting the Frontier: Media Capacity Building for Peace in Pakistan’s Tribal Areas Khan, Altaf VDM Verlag Dr. Müllere.K. June 2011.
Suggested Readings“Writing, Directing, and Producing Documentary Films and Vidoes”,.3rd edition Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 2002.
Suggested Readings“Directing the Documentary”, 4th edition Focal Press, 2004.
Suggested Readings“Documentary Storytelling: Making Stronger and More Dramatic Nonfiction Films”, 2 nd edition Focal Press, 2007.
Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Editing McGraw-Hill 1996
Suggested ReadingsJournalism–Principles and Practices Vistaar Publications 2006
Suggested ReadingsThe Hand Book of New Media London: Sage
Suggested ReadingsApplying Communication Theory for Professional Life: An Introduction (2nd Edition) London: Sage
Suggested ReadingsControversies in Contemporary Advertising Newbury Park: Sage Publications
Suggested Readings"Public Relations-Writing & Media Techniques" Harper Collins College Publishers, NY
Suggested ReadingsTelecommunications Policy in Pakistan” Telematics and Informatics
Suggested Readings“Guaranteeing Copyright - Media Manager’s Guide to Pakistani Broadcast Law” Media Manager Companion Series Internews Pakistan
Suggested Readings“Model Freedom of Information Act”, 2001 Consumer rights Protection Commission of Pakistan

Private subject notes

Preparation Progress Report

0%Overall completion

0Completed

0Needs revision