Stage 1Orientation0%
Understand the official syllabus, paper structure, marks and preparation resources.
Stage 2Foundation0%
Build the concepts, terminology and prerequisite knowledge needed for the subject.
Stage 3Official Syllabus Coverage0%
Cover every official FPSC topic in a practical sequence.
Stage 4Consolidation0%
Prepare short notes, comparisons, evidence, diagrams, facts, formulas or timelines.
Stage 5Exam Application0%
Apply knowledge through the paper-specific practice format.
Stage 6Past Papers0%
Attempt topic-wise and full-length past-paper practice.
Stage 7Revision and Mock Examination0%
Complete layered revision, weak-area review and a timed mock paper.
Paper 1 · 100 marks
Subject overview
PAPER: GEOLOGY (100 MARKS)
Introduction to Physical Geology
Introduction and scope of geology, its importance and relationship with other sciences; Earth as a member of the solar system: its origin, age, composition and internal structure; Introduction to rocks and miner als; Weathering and erosion; Isostasy; Geological Time Scale.
Stratigraphy and Paleontology
Principles of stratigraphy; Laws of superposition and faunal succession ; Geological time scale with divisions ; Classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic un its: lithostragraphic units, biostratigraphic units and chronostratgraphic units. Introduction to fossils and their significance; Modes of fossilization ; Study of morphology, range and broad classification of major invertebrate phyla; Introduction to micro fossils; Introduction to Paleobotany; Introduction and classification of major vertebrates; Introduction to micropaleontology
Mineralogy
Classification of minerals; Study of internal structure; Polymorphism and isomorphism; Paragenesis; Physical and optical properties of the common silicate and non-silicate mineral groups; Introduction to crystallography: elements of symmetry, study; normal classes of crystallographic systems.
Structural Geology and Tectonics
Stress-strain concepts; fa ctors c ontrolling the mechanical behavior of materials; Folds; Faults; Joints; Foliation: terminology, cl assification and relationship with bedding; Lineation; Unconformity. Plate tectonics theory; Geo logical evidences for continental drift; Sea-floor spreading; Oceanic ridges; Continen tal rifts; Intra -oceanic islands; Hot spot and Mantle plumes; Wilson Cycle; Tectonic framework of Pakistan.
Petrology and Petrography
Introduction, classifica tion and description of sedimen tary rocks; origin; transportation and deposi tion of sediments; Textu re of sedimentary rocks; Sedimentary structures, their classification, morphology and significance; Composition, origin, differentiation and evolution of magma; Classification of igneous rocks; Mode of occurrences and types of extrusive rock s; Texture and structure of igneous rocks; Introduction to metamorphism; Types of metamorphism; Grades, zones and facies of metamorphism; Metamorphic diffusion and differentiation; Metamorphism in relation to Plate Tectonics; Differentiation between metamorphism and metasomatism. Introduction to Polarizing Microscope; Optical properties of opaque and non-opaque minerals in plane polarized light and under crossed nicol including metallic under reflected light; Description of optical properties of common rock forming minerals.
Introduction to Geophysics
Definition and relation of geophysics with other sciences; Classifica tion and brief description of various branches of geophysics such as seismology, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, tectonophysics, gravimetry, geo-thermy and geodesy; Introduction to various geophysical techniques for exploration of mineral deposits, oil and gas, subsurface water and engineering works.
Sequence Stratigraphy
Introduction: history, concept and s ignificance of sequence stratigraphy; Data sources: seismic reflections, outcrops, well logs, core and seismic facies; Sea level changes: their causes and effects, accommodation, eustatic and relative sea curve; Hierarchy of sequence stratigraphic elements; Types of sequences and systems tracts.
Petroleum Geology
The nature and classification of petroleum hydrocarbons, their origin, migration and accumulation; Source sediments, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanism for oil and gas; Prospecting and exploration of oil and gas; Reservoir: characteristics, drive mechanism, energy and pressure maintenance; Secondary and enhanced recovery; Introduction to Sedimentary Basins of Pakistan.
Engineering and EnvironmentalGeology
Rock and soil mechanics and its application in civil engineering; Rock mass characteristics; Geotechnical studies of rocks and soils; Geological factors and strength of rocks; Study of geological factors in relation to the const ruction of buildings’ foundations, roads, highways, tunnels, dams and bridges; Application of geophysical methods for site investigation ; Construction materials; Mass movement: their causes and prevention. Introduction to environmental geology; Management of natural resources; Global climatic changes; E nvironmental controls for erosion, desertification and coastal degradation; Geological hazards such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, glaciers and shoreline processes; Remedial measures; Clean sources of energy; Industrial pollution, solid and liquid waste disposal, Introduction to environmental impact assessment and initial environmental examination.
Mineral and Energy Resources
Introduction of geological exploration/prospecting. Brief description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulphur, barite, fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building and dimension stones; Industrial rocks and minerals; Radioactive minerals and rocks; Special reference to economic mineral deposits in Pakistan. Origin, occurrence, and depositional environments of coal; Coal constitution and its kinds; Coal rank, grade and calorific value ; Coal deposits of Pakistan with reference to Thar Coal; Geothermal energy resources of Pakistan.
Economic and Applied Geology
Metallic and Non -metallic mineral resources of Pakistan ; Mineral-based industries. Overview of Recodec Copper ; Radioactive minerals and their occurrences in Pakistan; Gemstones of Pakistan. Geology of Reservoirs, dams, highways and tunnels; Major natural hazards and their impacts on the environment with special reference to Pakistan.
- Suggested ReadingsPhysical Geology Charles Plummer, David McGeary, Diane Carlson,
- Suggested ReadingsPhysical Geology Charles (Carlos) Plummer, Diane Carlson
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Physical Geology Holmes, A
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Paleontology Raup, D.M. & Stanley, S.M
- Suggested ReadingsVertebrate Paleontology Romer, A.S
- Suggested ReadingsInvertebrate Paleontology and Evolution Clakson, E.N.K
- Suggested ReadingsStratigraphy of Pakistan Shah, S.M.I.
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Boggs, S
- Suggested ReadingsStratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan Kazmi, A.H and Abbasi, I.A
- Suggested ReadingsIgneous and Metamorphic Petrology Best, M.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsIntroduction to Optical Mineralogy Nesse, W.D
- Suggested ReadingsAn Atlas of Minerals in Thin Section Schulze, D.J.,
- Suggested ReadingsMinerals and Rocks Klein, C.,
- Suggested ReadingsMineral Characterisation and Processing Mohapatra, B.K., Misra, V
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Mineralogy William. H.B.,
- Suggested ReadingsMineralogy Perkins, D
- Suggested ReadingsPlate Tectonics – Geodynamics Moores, E.M. & Twiss, R.J
- Suggested ReadingsStructural Geology of Rocks and Regions George H. Davis, Stephen J. Reynolds, Charles F. Kluth
- Suggested ReadingsStructural Geology Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M.,
- Suggested ReadingsCarbonate Sedimentology Tucker, M.E. & Wright, V.P
- Suggested ReadingsApplied Sedimentology Selly, R.C.,
- Suggested ReadingsPetrology of Sedimentary Rocks Boggs Jr. S
- Suggested ReadingsSedimentary Rocks Pettijohn, F.J
- Suggested ReadingsIntroduction to Applied Geophysics Burger R.H., Sheehan, A. & Jones, C
- Suggested ReadingsGeophysical Methods in Geology Sharma, P.V
- Suggested ReadingsThe Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics Fowler, CMR
- Suggested ReadingsIgneous and Metamorphic Petrology Best, M.G
- Suggested ReadingsPetrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic Blatt, H., Tracy, R.& Owens, D
- Suggested ReadingsIgneous and Metamorphic Petrology Best, M.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsMetamorphic Petrology Turner, F.J.,
- Suggested ReadingsSequence Stratigraphy Emery, D. & Myers, K.J.,
- Suggested ReadingsElements of Petroleum Geology Richard C. Selley,
- Suggested ReadingsPetroleum Geology North, F.K.,
- Suggested ReadingsGeology of Pakistan Bender, F.K. & Raza, H.A.,
- Suggested ReadingsEngineering Geology: Principles and Practice David George Price, Michael de Freitas
- Suggested ReadingsEngineering Geology F G Bell
- Suggested ReadingsFundamentals of Engineering Geology Bell, F.A.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Geology Montgomery, C.W.,
- Suggested ReadingsGeology of Himalaya, Karakuram, Hindukush in Pakistan Tahirkheli, R.A.K.,
- Suggested ReadingsGeology of Pakistan Bender, F.K. & Raza,
- Suggested ReadingsStratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan Kazmi, A.H and Abbasi, I.A
- Suggested ReadingsEconomic Geology: Principles and Practice Walter L. Pohl
- Suggested ReadingsDirectory of Mineral Deposits of Pakistan Zaki, A.,
- Suggested ReadingsAn Introduction to Ore Geology Evans, A.M.,
- Suggested ReadingsMetallogeny and Mineral Deposits of Pakistan Kazmi, A.H. & Abbas, S.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsIntroduction to Mineral Exploration Moon, C.J., Whateley, M.K.G. and Evans, A.M.
- Suggested ReadingsEnergy Resources Brown and Skipsy
- Suggested ReadingsPakistan Energy Yearbook 2012 Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan. Islamabad
My Subjects
Stage 1Orientation0%
Understand the official syllabus, paper structure, marks and preparation resources.
Stage 2Foundation0%
Build the concepts, terminology and prerequisite knowledge needed for the subject.
Stage 3Official Syllabus Coverage0%
Cover every official FPSC topic in a practical sequence.
Stage 4Consolidation0%
Prepare short notes, comparisons, evidence, diagrams, facts, formulas or timelines.
Stage 5Exam Application0%
Apply knowledge through the paper-specific practice format.
Stage 6Past Papers0%
Attempt topic-wise and full-length past-paper practice.
Stage 7Revision and Mock Examination0%
Complete layered revision, weak-area review and a timed mock paper.
Paper 1 · 100 marks
Subject overview
PAPER: GEOLOGY (100 MARKS)
Introduction to Physical Geology
Introduction and scope of geology, its importance and relationship with other sciences; Earth as a member of the solar system: its origin, age, composition and internal structure; Introduction to rocks and miner als; Weathering and erosion; Isostasy; Geological Time Scale.
Stratigraphy and Paleontology
Principles of stratigraphy; Laws of superposition and faunal succession ; Geological time scale with divisions ; Classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic un its: lithostragraphic units, biostratigraphic units and chronostratgraphic units. Introduction to fossils and their significance; Modes of fossilization ; Study of morphology, range and broad classification of major invertebrate phyla; Introduction to micro fossils; Introduction to Paleobotany; Introduction and classification of major vertebrates; Introduction to micropaleontology
Mineralogy
Classification of minerals; Study of internal structure; Polymorphism and isomorphism; Paragenesis; Physical and optical properties of the common silicate and non-silicate mineral groups; Introduction to crystallography: elements of symmetry, study; normal classes of crystallographic systems.
Structural Geology and Tectonics
Stress-strain concepts; fa ctors c ontrolling the mechanical behavior of materials; Folds; Faults; Joints; Foliation: terminology, cl assification and relationship with bedding; Lineation; Unconformity. Plate tectonics theory; Geo logical evidences for continental drift; Sea-floor spreading; Oceanic ridges; Continen tal rifts; Intra -oceanic islands; Hot spot and Mantle plumes; Wilson Cycle; Tectonic framework of Pakistan.
Petrology and Petrography
Introduction, classifica tion and description of sedimen tary rocks; origin; transportation and deposi tion of sediments; Textu re of sedimentary rocks; Sedimentary structures, their classification, morphology and significance; Composition, origin, differentiation and evolution of magma; Classification of igneous rocks; Mode of occurrences and types of extrusive rock s; Texture and structure of igneous rocks; Introduction to metamorphism; Types of metamorphism; Grades, zones and facies of metamorphism; Metamorphic diffusion and differentiation; Metamorphism in relation to Plate Tectonics; Differentiation between metamorphism and metasomatism. Introduction to Polarizing Microscope; Optical properties of opaque and non-opaque minerals in plane polarized light and under crossed nicol including metallic under reflected light; Description of optical properties of common rock forming minerals.
Introduction to Geophysics
Definition and relation of geophysics with other sciences; Classifica tion and brief description of various branches of geophysics such as seismology, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, tectonophysics, gravimetry, geo-thermy and geodesy; Introduction to various geophysical techniques for exploration of mineral deposits, oil and gas, subsurface water and engineering works.
Sequence Stratigraphy
Introduction: history, concept and s ignificance of sequence stratigraphy; Data sources: seismic reflections, outcrops, well logs, core and seismic facies; Sea level changes: their causes and effects, accommodation, eustatic and relative sea curve; Hierarchy of sequence stratigraphic elements; Types of sequences and systems tracts.
Petroleum Geology
The nature and classification of petroleum hydrocarbons, their origin, migration and accumulation; Source sediments, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanism for oil and gas; Prospecting and exploration of oil and gas; Reservoir: characteristics, drive mechanism, energy and pressure maintenance; Secondary and enhanced recovery; Introduction to Sedimentary Basins of Pakistan.
Engineering and EnvironmentalGeology
Rock and soil mechanics and its application in civil engineering; Rock mass characteristics; Geotechnical studies of rocks and soils; Geological factors and strength of rocks; Study of geological factors in relation to the const ruction of buildings’ foundations, roads, highways, tunnels, dams and bridges; Application of geophysical methods for site investigation ; Construction materials; Mass movement: their causes and prevention. Introduction to environmental geology; Management of natural resources; Global climatic changes; E nvironmental controls for erosion, desertification and coastal degradation; Geological hazards such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, glaciers and shoreline processes; Remedial measures; Clean sources of energy; Industrial pollution, solid and liquid waste disposal, Introduction to environmental impact assessment and initial environmental examination.
Mineral and Energy Resources
Introduction of geological exploration/prospecting. Brief description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulphur, barite, fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building and dimension stones; Industrial rocks and minerals; Radioactive minerals and rocks; Special reference to economic mineral deposits in Pakistan. Origin, occurrence, and depositional environments of coal; Coal constitution and its kinds; Coal rank, grade and calorific value ; Coal deposits of Pakistan with reference to Thar Coal; Geothermal energy resources of Pakistan.
Economic and Applied Geology
Metallic and Non -metallic mineral resources of Pakistan ; Mineral-based industries. Overview of Recodec Copper ; Radioactive minerals and their occurrences in Pakistan; Gemstones of Pakistan. Geology of Reservoirs, dams, highways and tunnels; Major natural hazards and their impacts on the environment with special reference to Pakistan.
- Suggested ReadingsPhysical Geology Charles Plummer, David McGeary, Diane Carlson,
- Suggested ReadingsPhysical Geology Charles (Carlos) Plummer, Diane Carlson
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Physical Geology Holmes, A
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Paleontology Raup, D.M. & Stanley, S.M
- Suggested ReadingsVertebrate Paleontology Romer, A.S
- Suggested ReadingsInvertebrate Paleontology and Evolution Clakson, E.N.K
- Suggested ReadingsStratigraphy of Pakistan Shah, S.M.I.
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Boggs, S
- Suggested ReadingsStratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan Kazmi, A.H and Abbasi, I.A
- Suggested ReadingsIgneous and Metamorphic Petrology Best, M.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsIntroduction to Optical Mineralogy Nesse, W.D
- Suggested ReadingsAn Atlas of Minerals in Thin Section Schulze, D.J.,
- Suggested ReadingsMinerals and Rocks Klein, C.,
- Suggested ReadingsMineral Characterisation and Processing Mohapatra, B.K., Misra, V
- Suggested ReadingsPrinciples of Mineralogy William. H.B.,
- Suggested ReadingsMineralogy Perkins, D
- Suggested ReadingsPlate Tectonics – Geodynamics Moores, E.M. & Twiss, R.J
- Suggested ReadingsStructural Geology of Rocks and Regions George H. Davis, Stephen J. Reynolds, Charles F. Kluth
- Suggested ReadingsStructural Geology Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M.,
- Suggested ReadingsCarbonate Sedimentology Tucker, M.E. & Wright, V.P
- Suggested ReadingsApplied Sedimentology Selly, R.C.,
- Suggested ReadingsPetrology of Sedimentary Rocks Boggs Jr. S
- Suggested ReadingsSedimentary Rocks Pettijohn, F.J
- Suggested ReadingsIntroduction to Applied Geophysics Burger R.H., Sheehan, A. & Jones, C
- Suggested ReadingsGeophysical Methods in Geology Sharma, P.V
- Suggested ReadingsThe Solid Earth: An Introduction to Global Geophysics Fowler, CMR
- Suggested ReadingsIgneous and Metamorphic Petrology Best, M.G
- Suggested ReadingsPetrology: Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic Blatt, H., Tracy, R.& Owens, D
- Suggested ReadingsIgneous and Metamorphic Petrology Best, M.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsMetamorphic Petrology Turner, F.J.,
- Suggested ReadingsSequence Stratigraphy Emery, D. & Myers, K.J.,
- Suggested ReadingsElements of Petroleum Geology Richard C. Selley,
- Suggested ReadingsPetroleum Geology North, F.K.,
- Suggested ReadingsGeology of Pakistan Bender, F.K. & Raza, H.A.,
- Suggested ReadingsEngineering Geology: Principles and Practice David George Price, Michael de Freitas
- Suggested ReadingsEngineering Geology F G Bell
- Suggested ReadingsFundamentals of Engineering Geology Bell, F.A.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Geology Montgomery, C.W.,
- Suggested ReadingsGeology of Himalaya, Karakuram, Hindukush in Pakistan Tahirkheli, R.A.K.,
- Suggested ReadingsGeology of Pakistan Bender, F.K. & Raza,
- Suggested ReadingsStratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan Kazmi, A.H and Abbasi, I.A
- Suggested ReadingsEconomic Geology: Principles and Practice Walter L. Pohl
- Suggested ReadingsDirectory of Mineral Deposits of Pakistan Zaki, A.,
- Suggested ReadingsAn Introduction to Ore Geology Evans, A.M.,
- Suggested ReadingsMetallogeny and Mineral Deposits of Pakistan Kazmi, A.H. & Abbas, S.G.,
- Suggested ReadingsIntroduction to Mineral Exploration Moon, C.J., Whateley, M.K.G. and Evans, A.M.
- Suggested ReadingsEnergy Resources Brown and Skipsy
- Suggested ReadingsPakistan Energy Yearbook 2012 Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan. Islamabad