Road Maps

Environmental Sciences

100 marks · 1 paper · 180 minutes per paper

0%Complete

Preparation duration is an estimate and may vary according to your academic background, available study time and familiarity with the subject.

Stage 1Orientation

Understand the official syllabus, paper structure, marks and preparation resources.

Read and annotate the official FPSC syllabusReview every paper, section, marks allocation and official instruction before beginning preparation.

Set up subject resourcesCreate folders or notebooks for syllabus notes, practice, past papers and revision material.

Review the paper formatUnderstand the number of papers, marks, duration and relevant language or MCQ rules.

Stage 2Foundation

Build the concepts, terminology and prerequisite knowledge needed for the subject.

Build a subject glossaryList and define the core terminology needed across the syllabus.

Map prerequisite conceptsIdentify foundational concepts and arrange them before advanced topics.

Stage 3Official Syllabus Coverage

Cover every official FPSC topic in a practical sequence.

Cover: Subject overviewStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: PAPER: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (100 MARKS)

Cover: History of Environmental ThoughtStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Environment and Sustainable Development, History of Environmental Movements, Industrial and Agriculture Revolution, United Nations Conference on Human Environment 1972, Our Common Future 1987, Rio Summit 1992, Agenda 21, World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Rio Summit-II, 2012, Millennium Development Goals.

Cover: Sustainable Development IssuesStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Population growth, Poverty, Biodiversity loss and its Conservation, Energy security (energy conservation and alternative energy resources), Urbanization and sustainable cities , Carrying capacity and ecological footprint. Food security and sustainable agriculture. Ecological restoration.

Cover: Interdisciplinary nature of Environmental ScienceStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Orientation on convergence of various social and natural sciences to evolve a new discipline of environmental science: Environmental Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Physics, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Economics, Environmental Geology, Environmental Geography, Environmental Biotechnology, Environmental Sociology.

Cover: Environmental PollutionStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil Pollution, Noise Pollution, S olid Waste, Water Logging & Salinity, Deforestation, Desertification, Eutrophication, Global and regional air pollution problems ( Greenhouse effect, Global Warming/Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, Acid Rain).

Cover: Climate ChangeStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Climate Pattern at local, region al and global scale. Different types of climate including tropical and mid latitude climate, polar climates. Climate change processes, Drivers and Indicators of Climate Change, Effects of Climate Chang e on natural and societal systems. Carbon foot print. Climate c hange adaptation and mitigation, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), REDD+. Global environmental politics on climate change: role of India, China and USA (Copenhagen Accord 2009).

Cover: Environmental GovernanceStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Policy, legal and institutional frameworks for governance of environment in Pakistan: National Conservation Strategy of 1992, National Environmental Policy Act of Pakistan 2005, Environmental Protection Act of 1997, Pak -EPA (Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations 2000, Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005 , Pollution Charge Rules, Sample Rules, Solid Waste Management Plan 2005, Hazardous Substances Rules 2005, National Drinking Water Policy 2009, Sanitation Policy, National Climate Change Policy 2012.

Cover: Global initiativesStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Brief on some of the Multilateral Env ironmental Agreements ratified by Pakistan, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Wetlands of International Importa nce Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC, Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the O zone Layer, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).

Cover: Environmental Assessment and ManagementStudy the official syllabus content, prepare notes, identify likely examination angles and mark weak areas. Official scope: Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14000), Occupational Health & Safety management systems (OHSAS 18000), Participatory Approaches to Environmental Management, Technological Approaches to Environmental Management, Approaches to Solid Waste Management, Disaster Risk Management, Pollution Control Technologies, Geographic Info rmation System & Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Management.

Stage 4Consolidation

Prepare short notes, comparisons, evidence, diagrams, facts, formulas or timelines.

Prepare concise revision notesCompress covered material into quick revision notes without removing required syllabus coverage.

Create connections and comparison materialUse tables, diagrams, timelines, formulas, maps or concept links where suitable for this subject.

Stage 5Exam Application

Apply knowledge through the paper-specific practice format.

Prepare analytical outlines using causes, consequences and comparisonsComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Build an evidence bank of thinkers, examples, quotations, maps or timelinesComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Write three timed critical-analysis answersComplete this task under exam-oriented conditions and record areas that need revision.

Stage 6Past Papers

Attempt topic-wise and full-length past-paper practice.

Classify past-paper questions by syllabus topicUse validated official past papers and link each question to the relevant syllabus topic.

Attempt a timed past paperAttempt a complete paper or equivalent question set within the official time limit.

Stage 7Revision and Mock Examination

Complete layered revision, weak-area review and a timed mock paper.

Complete first revisionReview all notes and update topics marked Needs Revision.

Complete second revisionFocus on recall, structure, evidence, formulas or language accuracy.

Attempt final mock examinationComplete a timed mock and evaluate coverage, accuracy, structure and time management.

Paper 1 · 100 marks

Subject overview

PAPER: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (100 MARKS)

History of Environmental Thought

Environment and Sustainable Development, History of Environmental Movements, Industrial and Agriculture Revolution, United Nations Conference on Human Environment 1972, Our Common Future 1987, Rio Summit 1992, Agenda 21, World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Rio Summit-II, 2012, Millennium Development Goals.

Sustainable Development Issues

Population growth, Poverty, Biodiversity loss and its Conservation, Energy security (energy conservation and alternative energy resources), Urbanization and sustainable cities , Carrying capacity and ecological footprint. Food security and sustainable agriculture. Ecological restoration.

Interdisciplinary nature of Environmental Science

Orientation on convergence of various social and natural sciences to evolve a new discipline of environmental science: Environmental Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Physics, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Economics, Environmental Geology, Environmental Geography, Environmental Biotechnology, Environmental Sociology.

Environmental Pollution

Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil Pollution, Noise Pollution, S olid Waste, Water Logging & Salinity, Deforestation, Desertification, Eutrophication, Global and regional air pollution problems ( Greenhouse effect, Global Warming/Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, Acid Rain).

Climate Change

Climate Pattern at local, region al and global scale. Different types of climate including tropical and mid latitude climate, polar climates. Climate change processes, Drivers and Indicators of Climate Change, Effects of Climate Chang e on natural and societal systems. Carbon foot print. Climate c hange adaptation and mitigation, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), REDD+. Global environmental politics on climate change: role of India, China and USA (Copenhagen Accord 2009).

Environmental Governance

Policy, legal and institutional frameworks for governance of environment in Pakistan: National Conservation Strategy of 1992, National Environmental Policy Act of Pakistan 2005, Environmental Protection Act of 1997, Pak -EPA (Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations 2000, Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005 , Pollution Charge Rules, Sample Rules, Solid Waste Management Plan 2005, Hazardous Substances Rules 2005, National Drinking Water Policy 2009, Sanitation Policy, National Climate Change Policy 2012.

Global initiatives

Brief on some of the Multilateral Env ironmental Agreements ratified by Pakistan, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Wetlands of International Importa nce Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC, Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the O zone Layer, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).

Environmental Assessment and Management

Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14000), Occupational Health & Safety management systems (OHSAS 18000), Participatory Approaches to Environmental Management, Technological Approaches to Environmental Management, Approaches to Solid Waste Management, Disaster Risk Management, Pollution Control Technologies, Geographic Info rmation System & Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Management.

Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Economics in Theory and Practice. Hanley, N. Shorgen,J,White,B
Suggested ReadingsIndustrial Safety Health and Environmental Management Jain R.K. Rao S.S
Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Science: Earth as a living Planet, 9th ed. Botkin, D. Keller, E. 2014
Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Geology Facing the Challenges of Our Changing Earth Erickson, J
Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Geology. Keller A.Edward
Suggested ReadingsEarth Science. Tarbuck. J. Edward Lutgens K. Friederick
Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Science: A Study of Interrelationship Enger ED, Smith, B.F
Suggested ReadingsBasics of Forestry and Applied Sciences, Concepts and Theory Masood A.A Qureshi
Suggested ReadingsEnvironmental Science: Working with Earth Miller. T.G 10 Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager’s Handbook Carter N.W 11 Disasters and Development Cuny, F.C. 12 Disaster Management: Warning Response and Community Relocation Perry R.W. Mushkatel, A.H. 13 Energy: Crisis or Opportunity, An Introduction to Energy Studies Diana Schumacher 14 Environmental Geology Carla W. Montgomery 15 Environmental Health; Ecological Perspective Kathryn Hilgenkamp 16 Official Website of Govt. of Pakistan www.environment. gov.pk 17 Official Website of UN Environment Programme. www.unep.org

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