Stage 1Orientation0%
Understand the official syllabus, paper structure, marks and preparation resources.
Stage 2Foundation0%
Build the concepts, terminology and prerequisite knowledge needed for the subject.
Stage 3Official Syllabus Coverage0%
Cover every official FPSC topic in a practical sequence.
Stage 4Consolidation0%
Prepare short notes, comparisons, evidence, diagrams, facts, formulas or timelines.
Stage 5Exam Application0%
Apply knowledge through the paper-specific practice format.
Stage 6Past Papers0%
Attempt topic-wise and full-length past-paper practice.
Stage 7Revision and Mock Examination0%
Complete layered revision, weak-area review and a timed mock paper.
Paper 1 · 100 marks
Subject overview
PAPER: BOTANY (100 MARKS)
Phycology: Distribution, Classification , Structure, Life History and E conomic importance of the main groups of Algae.
Phycology: Distribution, Classification , Structure, Life History and E conomic importance of the main groups of Algae.
General account with special reference to structure, life history and affinities of both Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Ontogeny and structure of see d, classification and economic importance of Gymnosperms.
General account with special reference to structure, life history and affinities of both Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Ontogeny and structure of see d, classification and economic importance of Gymnosperms.
Primary and secondary tissues. M eristems. S econdary growth in di cot stem. Anatomy of leaf, stem and root.
Primary and secondary tissues. M eristems. S econdary growth in di cot stem. Anatomy of leaf, stem and root.
Systems of cl assification. Rules of botanical nomenclature. Concepts of speciation. Introduction to modern trends in plant taxonomy: bio -systematic, chemotaxonomy and numerical taxon omy. General characters and economic importance of common angiosp
Systems of cl assification. Rules of botanical nomenclature. Concepts of speciation. Introduction to modern trends in plant taxonomy: bio -systematic, chemotaxonomy and numerical taxon omy. General characters and economic importance of common angiosperm families.
Plant water relations, Osmotic Quantities, component potentials of water and their role in transport, water absorption by roots, transpiration. Role of essential mineral elements and their uptake . P lant hormones . Photoperiodism, V ernalization. Do
Plant water relations, Osmotic Quantities, component potentials of water and their role in transport, water absorption by roots, transpiration. Role of essential mineral elements and their uptake . P lant hormones . Photoperiodism, V ernalization. Dormancy and Seed germination.Enzymes.
Influence of climatic, edaphic and biotic factors on plant growth. Vegetation sampling techniques. Concepts of ecosystems and their productivity, ecological energetics, Pyramids (of numbers, biomass and energy), trophic levels, food chains and food w
Influence of climatic, edaphic and biotic factors on plant growth. Vegetation sampling techniques. Concepts of ecosystems and their productivity, ecological energetics, Pyramids (of numbers, biomass and energy), trophic levels, food chains and food webs. Biogeochemical cycles (Hydrological and Nitrogen). Succession.
Cell cycle, cellular morphology, chemistry of cell wall and cell membrane, cell to cell communication, plant tissue and cell culture, cell senescence and cell death.
Cell cycle, cellular morphology, chemistry of cell wall and cell membrane, cell to cell communication, plant tissue and cell culture, cell senescence and cell death.
Mendelian Genetics, Multiple Alleles, Polygenic inheritance, Gene interaction, Epistasis and pleiotropy, Sex -linked inheritance, Chromosomal aberrations, Mutations, DNA repair.
Mendelian Genetics, Multiple Alleles, Polygenic inheritance, Gene interaction, Epistasis and pleiotropy, Sex -linked inheritance, Chromosomal aberrations, Mutations, DNA repair.
Introduction of Evolution, Evolutionary history, Evolution of life, Convergent Evolution, Divergent Evolution, Parallel Evolution and Natural selection
Introduction of Evolution, Evolutionary history, Evolution of life, Convergent Evolution, Divergent Evolution, Parallel Evolution and Natural selection
Nucleic acids, DNA as hereditary material, DNA replication, Transcription, Genetic code, Protein s ynthesis, G enetic engineering and its a pplication, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO).
Nucleic acids, DNA as hereditary material, DNA replication, Transcription, Genetic code, Protein s ynthesis, G enetic engineering and its a pplication, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO).
Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes
Mycology and Plant Pathology : Structure, Reproduction, Classification and Economic importance of the main g roups of Fungi. Diseases of economic ally important crops and general principles of their control
Mycology and Plant Pathology : Structure, Reproduction, Classification and Economic importance of the main g roups of Fungi. Diseases of economic ally important crops and general principles of their control
Micro and megasporogenesis, pollination mechanism, fertilization, development of Embryo and Endosperm, Seed dispersal.
Micro and megasporogenesis, pollination mechanism, fertilization, development of Embryo and Endosperm, Seed dispersal.
Photosynthesis: Plant pigments, Light reaction, CO 2 fixation, Mechanism of photophosphorylation.
Photosynthesis: Plant pigments, Light reaction, CO 2 fixation, Mechanism of photophosphorylation.
Causes and reclamation of soil salinity and water logging in Pakistan. S oil erosion, its control and soil conservation methods. Deforestation. Biodiversity conservation.Pollution.
Causes and reclamation of soil salinity and water logging in Pakistan. S oil erosion, its control and soil conservation methods. Deforestation. Biodiversity conservation.Pollution.
Ultra-structure of various cell organelles: Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids, Ribosomes, Glyoxysomes, Vaculoes, Nucleus.
Ultra-structure of various cell organelles: Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids, Ribosomes, Glyoxysomes, Vaculoes, Nucleus.
Bryology: Structure and reproduction of bryophytes, Evolution of Gametophyte and Sporophyte.
Bryology: Structure and reproduction of bryophytes, Evolution of Gametophyte and Sporophyte.
Peteridophyta and Gymnosperms
Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.
Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.
Anatomy and Embryology
Taxonomy of Angiosperms
Plant Physiology
Ecology
Cytology
Genetics
Evolution
Molecular Biology
- Suggested ReadingsEsau’s Plant Anatormy: Meristems, Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their Structure, Function and Development Evert, F.F. and S. Hichhorn 2006
- Suggested ReadingsCryptogamic Botany-Algae and Fungi Smith, G. M. 2001
- Suggested ReadingsCryptogamic Botany-Bryophyte and Pteridophyte Smith, G. M. 2001
- Suggested ReadingsComparative Morphology of the Vascular Plants Foster, A.S. and E.H. Gifford. 1989
- Suggested ReadingsPlant and Environment Daubermine, R, F, 1974
- Suggested ReadingsPlant Taxonomy and Biosystematics Stac, C. A. 1980
- Suggested ReadingsPlant Physiology Taiz, L.& E. Zeiger 2006
- Suggested ReadingsGenetics: A Conceptual Approach. 4th edition Pierce, B. A. 2012
- Suggested ReadingsMolecular Cell Biology Lodish,H., A. Berk, S.L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaira, D. Baltimore and J. Darnell 2000
- Suggested ReadingsConcepts of Genetics. 10th edition William S. Klug. 2012
- Suggested ReadingsIlmi Biomolecules, Cell Biology and Genetics. Cheema, T.A. and Cheema Z.T. 2009
- Suggested ReadingsCarvan Textbook of Botany Paper “ A” (Morphology of Plants) Malik, T. A. 2006
- Suggested ReadingsEcology (Principles and applications). 1st ed. Cambridge University Press UK. Chapman, J.L. and Reiss, M.J. 1992.
- Suggested ReadingsFundamentals of Ecology Odum, E.P. and Barrett, G.W. 2004
- Suggested ReadingsAdvanced Plant Taxonomy Mondal, A. K., 2009
- Suggested ReadingsGrowth and Differentiation in Plants Phillips and Wareings
My Subjects
Stage 1Orientation0%
Understand the official syllabus, paper structure, marks and preparation resources.
Stage 2Foundation0%
Build the concepts, terminology and prerequisite knowledge needed for the subject.
Stage 3Official Syllabus Coverage0%
Cover every official FPSC topic in a practical sequence.
Stage 4Consolidation0%
Prepare short notes, comparisons, evidence, diagrams, facts, formulas or timelines.
Stage 5Exam Application0%
Apply knowledge through the paper-specific practice format.
Stage 6Past Papers0%
Attempt topic-wise and full-length past-paper practice.
Stage 7Revision and Mock Examination0%
Complete layered revision, weak-area review and a timed mock paper.
Paper 1 · 100 marks
Subject overview
PAPER: BOTANY (100 MARKS)
Phycology: Distribution, Classification , Structure, Life History and E conomic importance of the main groups of Algae.
Phycology: Distribution, Classification , Structure, Life History and E conomic importance of the main groups of Algae.
General account with special reference to structure, life history and affinities of both Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Ontogeny and structure of see d, classification and economic importance of Gymnosperms.
General account with special reference to structure, life history and affinities of both Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Ontogeny and structure of see d, classification and economic importance of Gymnosperms.
Primary and secondary tissues. M eristems. S econdary growth in di cot stem. Anatomy of leaf, stem and root.
Primary and secondary tissues. M eristems. S econdary growth in di cot stem. Anatomy of leaf, stem and root.
Systems of cl assification. Rules of botanical nomenclature. Concepts of speciation. Introduction to modern trends in plant taxonomy: bio -systematic, chemotaxonomy and numerical taxon omy. General characters and economic importance of common angiosp
Systems of cl assification. Rules of botanical nomenclature. Concepts of speciation. Introduction to modern trends in plant taxonomy: bio -systematic, chemotaxonomy and numerical taxon omy. General characters and economic importance of common angiosperm families.
Plant water relations, Osmotic Quantities, component potentials of water and their role in transport, water absorption by roots, transpiration. Role of essential mineral elements and their uptake . P lant hormones . Photoperiodism, V ernalization. Do
Plant water relations, Osmotic Quantities, component potentials of water and their role in transport, water absorption by roots, transpiration. Role of essential mineral elements and their uptake . P lant hormones . Photoperiodism, V ernalization. Dormancy and Seed germination.Enzymes.
Influence of climatic, edaphic and biotic factors on plant growth. Vegetation sampling techniques. Concepts of ecosystems and their productivity, ecological energetics, Pyramids (of numbers, biomass and energy), trophic levels, food chains and food w
Influence of climatic, edaphic and biotic factors on plant growth. Vegetation sampling techniques. Concepts of ecosystems and their productivity, ecological energetics, Pyramids (of numbers, biomass and energy), trophic levels, food chains and food webs. Biogeochemical cycles (Hydrological and Nitrogen). Succession.
Cell cycle, cellular morphology, chemistry of cell wall and cell membrane, cell to cell communication, plant tissue and cell culture, cell senescence and cell death.
Cell cycle, cellular morphology, chemistry of cell wall and cell membrane, cell to cell communication, plant tissue and cell culture, cell senescence and cell death.
Mendelian Genetics, Multiple Alleles, Polygenic inheritance, Gene interaction, Epistasis and pleiotropy, Sex -linked inheritance, Chromosomal aberrations, Mutations, DNA repair.
Mendelian Genetics, Multiple Alleles, Polygenic inheritance, Gene interaction, Epistasis and pleiotropy, Sex -linked inheritance, Chromosomal aberrations, Mutations, DNA repair.
Introduction of Evolution, Evolutionary history, Evolution of life, Convergent Evolution, Divergent Evolution, Parallel Evolution and Natural selection
Introduction of Evolution, Evolutionary history, Evolution of life, Convergent Evolution, Divergent Evolution, Parallel Evolution and Natural selection
Nucleic acids, DNA as hereditary material, DNA replication, Transcription, Genetic code, Protein s ynthesis, G enetic engineering and its a pplication, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO).
Nucleic acids, DNA as hereditary material, DNA replication, Transcription, Genetic code, Protein s ynthesis, G enetic engineering and its a pplication, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO).
Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes
Mycology and Plant Pathology : Structure, Reproduction, Classification and Economic importance of the main g roups of Fungi. Diseases of economic ally important crops and general principles of their control
Mycology and Plant Pathology : Structure, Reproduction, Classification and Economic importance of the main g roups of Fungi. Diseases of economic ally important crops and general principles of their control
Micro and megasporogenesis, pollination mechanism, fertilization, development of Embryo and Endosperm, Seed dispersal.
Micro and megasporogenesis, pollination mechanism, fertilization, development of Embryo and Endosperm, Seed dispersal.
Photosynthesis: Plant pigments, Light reaction, CO 2 fixation, Mechanism of photophosphorylation.
Photosynthesis: Plant pigments, Light reaction, CO 2 fixation, Mechanism of photophosphorylation.
Causes and reclamation of soil salinity and water logging in Pakistan. S oil erosion, its control and soil conservation methods. Deforestation. Biodiversity conservation.Pollution.
Causes and reclamation of soil salinity and water logging in Pakistan. S oil erosion, its control and soil conservation methods. Deforestation. Biodiversity conservation.Pollution.
Ultra-structure of various cell organelles: Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids, Ribosomes, Glyoxysomes, Vaculoes, Nucleus.
Ultra-structure of various cell organelles: Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids, Ribosomes, Glyoxysomes, Vaculoes, Nucleus.
Bryology: Structure and reproduction of bryophytes, Evolution of Gametophyte and Sporophyte.
Bryology: Structure and reproduction of bryophytes, Evolution of Gametophyte and Sporophyte.
Peteridophyta and Gymnosperms
Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.
Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.
Anatomy and Embryology
Taxonomy of Angiosperms
Plant Physiology
Ecology
Cytology
Genetics
Evolution
Molecular Biology
- Suggested ReadingsEsau’s Plant Anatormy: Meristems, Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their Structure, Function and Development Evert, F.F. and S. Hichhorn 2006
- Suggested ReadingsCryptogamic Botany-Algae and Fungi Smith, G. M. 2001
- Suggested ReadingsCryptogamic Botany-Bryophyte and Pteridophyte Smith, G. M. 2001
- Suggested ReadingsComparative Morphology of the Vascular Plants Foster, A.S. and E.H. Gifford. 1989
- Suggested ReadingsPlant and Environment Daubermine, R, F, 1974
- Suggested ReadingsPlant Taxonomy and Biosystematics Stac, C. A. 1980
- Suggested ReadingsPlant Physiology Taiz, L.& E. Zeiger 2006
- Suggested ReadingsGenetics: A Conceptual Approach. 4th edition Pierce, B. A. 2012
- Suggested ReadingsMolecular Cell Biology Lodish,H., A. Berk, S.L. Zipursky, P. Matsudaira, D. Baltimore and J. Darnell 2000
- Suggested ReadingsConcepts of Genetics. 10th edition William S. Klug. 2012
- Suggested ReadingsIlmi Biomolecules, Cell Biology and Genetics. Cheema, T.A. and Cheema Z.T. 2009
- Suggested ReadingsCarvan Textbook of Botany Paper “ A” (Morphology of Plants) Malik, T. A. 2006
- Suggested ReadingsEcology (Principles and applications). 1st ed. Cambridge University Press UK. Chapman, J.L. and Reiss, M.J. 1992.
- Suggested ReadingsFundamentals of Ecology Odum, E.P. and Barrett, G.W. 2004
- Suggested ReadingsAdvanced Plant Taxonomy Mondal, A. K., 2009
- Suggested ReadingsGrowth and Differentiation in Plants Phillips and Wareings